Почему Майя — самая странная народность древности: какие странности отличают их от других людей, что привело к исчезновению и что известно сегодня

Майя и ацтеки были двумя величайшими цивилизациями Центральной Америки до прибытия туда колонизаторов из Старого Света. Империя майя на самом деле появилась раньше ацтекской и пережила ее на несколько сотен лет.

За последние две тысячи лет она испытала несколько крупных взлетов и падений, что чуть было не оставили от нее и следа. Но она по-прежнему жива и нашла свое отражение в обычаях народов, которые населяют полуостров Юкатан.

Хотя их цивилизация была почти полностью уничтожена, во многих сельских районах Мексики и Гватемалы культура и язык майя сохраняются с завидным упрямством. Вот кто действительно заботится о своих корнях.

По последним подсчетам, около семи миллионов потомков тех самых майя по-прежнему живут на полуострове Юкатан.

Колумбийские майя серьезно относились к физическим особенностям своих детей и часто хотели их улучшить. Матери прижимали дощечки ко лбам своих отпрысков, чтобы разгладить их. Также в обычае было вешать перед глазами ребенка какой-нибудь предмет, чтобы развить у малыша косоглазие – еще одна черта, подчеркивающая благородное происхождение.

Медицина древних майя была на самом деле довольно развитой. Они зашивали раны с помощью человеческих волос, пломбировали зубы и даже занимались изготовлением протезов.

Некоторые майя до сих пор практикуют кровавые жертвоприношения. Но они хотя бы отказались от человеческих жертв – теперь в ход идут одни только куры.

Майя использовали обезболивающие препараты, полученные из естественных ингредиентов как в религиозных ритуалах (в качестве галлюциногенов), так и в медицине (в качестве анестезии).

Подобно ацтекам, майя были азартными игроками месоамериканской игры в мяч. Площадки для игры были обнаружены во всех крупных городах империи. Часто эту игру связывают с обезглавливаниями жертв, которые, вероятно, являлись игроками проигравшей команды. А отрубленные головы потом, как предполагают, использовались в качестве мячей.

Сауны и бани играли важную роль в культуре майя. Они верили, что омовения помогают очистить их души от зла.

Руины и пирамиды, которые вы часто видите на снимках, были сфотографированы, скорее всего, в Чичен-Ице – одном из самых больших городов майя. Он лишь недавно был выкуплен правительством у частного владельца.

Рабов, заключенных и военнопленных для подготовки к жертвоприношению окрашивали в синий цвет, а иногда и пытали.

Затем жертву приводили на вершину одной из пирамид, где расстреливали градом стрел, а если ее сердце все еще продолжало биться, его вырезал из груди жрец храма. Иногда помощники жреца снимали с жертвы кожу, завернувшись в которую главный жрец исполнял ритуальный танец.

Майя имели очень продвинутую систему письма и настолько любили ей пользоваться, что оставляли надписи повсюду, куда могли дотянуться, в том числе, и на стенах зданий. К сожалению, большая часть их записей была утрачена во времена испанских завоеваний в Новом Свете.

Так же как и ацтеки, майя никогда не имели дел с железом или сталью. Их оружие было изготовлено из обсидиана (вулканического стекла) или вулканических пород.

Помимо плоского лба и косоглазия майя-дворянин отличался от простонародья клювообразной формой носа, придания которой добивались при помощи специальной замазки, а его зубы инкрустировались нефритом. Кстати о зубах: среди аристократок в моде было заострять свои зубы.

Майя, возможно, стали первой цивилизацией, использовавшей цифру 0 в качестве порядкового номера. Впоследствии индийские математики впервые использовали его как математическую величину при расчетах.

Никто точно не знает причины падения империи майя. Ученые предлагают на выбор несколько гипотез – от засухи и тотального голода до перенаселенности и изменений климата.

Ранее Hyser писал, как и куда подевались великие Майя: что скрывает Большая голубая дыра и как она связана с Юкатаном

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  76. szybkie termometry medyczne

    Dzięki za przydatnych informacji na temat naprawy kredytu na temat twojego sieci -teren. To, co chciałbym zaoferować jako rada ludziom będzie zrezygnować z a mentalności kupią w tej chwili i spłać później. as be a as be a} społeczeństwo {my|my wszyscy|my wszyscy|wielu z nas|większość z nas|większość ludzi} ma tendencję do {robienia tego|robienia tamtego|próbowania tego|zdarzyć się|powtórz to} dla wielu {rzeczy|problemów|czynników}. Obejmuje to {wakacje|wakacje|wypady|wyjazdy wakacyjne|wycieczki|rodzinne wakacje}, meble, {i|jak również|a także|wraz z|oprócz|plus} przedmiotów {chcemy|chcielibyśmy|życzymy|chcielibyśmy|naprawdę chcielibyśmy to mieć}. Jednak {musisz|musisz|powinieneś|powinieneś chcieć|wskazane jest, aby|musisz} oddzielić {swoje|swoje|to|twoje obecne|swoje|osoby} chcą {od wszystkich|z potrzeb|z}. {Kiedy jesteś|Kiedy jesteś|Kiedy jesteś|Jeśli jesteś|Tak długo, jak jesteś|Kiedy} pracujesz, aby {poprawić swój kredyt|poprawić swoją zdolność kredytową|zwiększyć swój kredyt|zwiększyć swój kredyt|podnieś swój ranking kredytowy|popraw swój kredyt} wynik {musisz zrobić|zrobić|faktycznie potrzebujesz|naprawdę musisz} dokonać kilku {poświęceń|kompromisów}. Na przykład {możesz|możesz|możesz|możesz|będziesz mógł|| możesz|prawdopodobnie możesz} robić zakupy online {aby zaoszczędzić pieniądze|aby zaoszczędzić pieniądze|aby zaoszczędzić} lub {możesz przejść do|może się zwrócić|może odwiedzić|może obejrzeć|może sprawdzić|może kliknąć} używane {sklepy|sklepy|detaliści|sprzedawcy|punkty sprzedaży|dostawcy} zamiast {drogie|drogie|drogie|drogie|drogie|drogich} domów towarowych {dla|w odniesieniu do|dotyczących|odnoszących się do|przeznaczonych dla|do zdobycia} odzieży {termometr bezdotykowy|termometry bezdotykowe|termometry bezdotykowe ranking|termometr do czoła|termometry do czoła|termometr bezkontaktowy|termometry bezkontaktowe|termometr koronawirus|termometr|termometr na podczerwień|termometry na podczerwień|termometr lekarski|termometry lekarskie|szybki termometr medyczny|szybkie termometry medyczne}.

  77. termometr

    Dzięki za porad dotyczących naprawy kredytu na temat tego wspaniałego witryny. Kilka wskazówek i chciałbym powiedzieć ludziom powinno być to zrezygnować z konkretnej mentalności że mogą obecnie i wypłać później. Being a as be a} społeczeństwo {my|my wszyscy|my wszyscy|wielu z nas|większość z nas|większość ludzi} ma tendencję do {robienia tego|robienia tamtego|próbowania tego|zdarzyć się|powtórz to} dla wielu {rzeczy|problemów|czynników}. Obejmuje to {wakacje|wakacje|wypady|wyjazdy wakacyjne|wycieczki|rodzinne wakacje}, meble, {i|jak również|a także|wraz z|oprócz|plus} przedmiotów {chcemy|chcielibyśmy|życzymy|chcielibyśmy|naprawdę chcielibyśmy to mieć}. Jednak {musisz|musisz|powinieneś|powinieneś chcieć|wskazane jest, aby|musisz} oddzielić {swoje|swoje|to|twoje obecne|swoje|osoby} chcą {od wszystkich|z potrzeb|z}. {Kiedy jesteś|Kiedy jesteś|Kiedy jesteś|Jeśli jesteś|Tak długo, jak jesteś|Kiedy} pracujesz, aby {poprawić swój kredyt|poprawić swoją zdolność kredytową|zwiększyć swój kredyt|zwiększyć swój kredyt|podnieś swój ranking kredytowy|popraw swój kredyt} wynik {musisz zrobić|zrobić|faktycznie potrzebujesz|naprawdę musisz} dokonać kilku {poświęceń|kompromisów}. Na przykład {możesz|możesz|możesz|możesz|będziesz mógł|| możesz|prawdopodobnie możesz} robić zakupy online {aby zaoszczędzić pieniądze|aby zaoszczędzić pieniądze|aby zaoszczędzić} lub {możesz przejść do|może się zwrócić|może odwiedzić|może obejrzeć|może sprawdzić|może kliknąć} używane {sklepy|sklepy|detaliści|sprzedawcy|punkty sprzedaży|dostawcy} zamiast {drogie|drogie|drogie|drogie|drogie|drogich} domów towarowych {dla|w odniesieniu do|dotyczących|odnoszących się do|przeznaczonych dla|do zdobycia} odzieży {termometr bezdotykowy|termometry bezdotykowe|termometry bezdotykowe ranking|termometr do czoła|termometry do czoła|termometr bezkontaktowy|termometry bezkontaktowe|termometr koronawirus|termometr|termometr na podczerwień|termometry na podczerwień|termometr lekarski|termometry lekarskie|szybki termometr medyczny|szybkie termometry medyczne}.

  78. strzykawka insulinowa

    Dzięki za sugestii dotyczących naprawy kredytu na temat tego konkretnego sieci -teren. Rzeczy i chciałbym zaoferować jako rada ludziom oznacza zwykle zrezygnować z tej mentalności że w tym momencie i rozwidź później. as be a as be a} społeczeństwo {my|my wszyscy|my wszyscy|wielu z nas|większość z nas|większość ludzi} ma tendencję do {robienia tego|robienia tamtego|próbowania tego|zdarzyć się|powtórz to} dla wielu {rzeczy|problemów|czynników}. Obejmuje to {wakacje|wakacje|wypady|wyjazdy wakacyjne|wycieczki|rodzinne wakacje}, meble, {i|jak również|a także|wraz z|oprócz|plus} przedmiotów {chcemy|chcielibyśmy|życzymy|chcielibyśmy|naprawdę chcielibyśmy to mieć}. Jednak {musisz|musisz|powinieneś|powinieneś chcieć|wskazane jest, aby|musisz} oddzielić {swoje|swoje|to|twoje obecne|swoje|osoby} chcą {od wszystkich|z potrzeb|z}. {Kiedy jesteś|Kiedy jesteś|Kiedy jesteś|Jeśli jesteś|Tak długo, jak jesteś|Kiedy} pracujesz, aby {poprawić swój kredyt|poprawić swoją zdolność kredytową|zwiększyć swój kredyt|zwiększyć swój kredyt|podnieś swój ranking kredytowy|popraw swój kredyt} wynik {musisz zrobić|zrobić|faktycznie potrzebujesz|naprawdę musisz} dokonać kilku {poświęceń|kompromisów}. Na przykład {możesz|możesz|możesz|możesz|będziesz mógł|| możesz|prawdopodobnie możesz} robić zakupy online {aby zaoszczędzić pieniądze|aby zaoszczędzić pieniądze|aby zaoszczędzić} lub {możesz przejść do|może się zwrócić|może odwiedzić|może obejrzeć|może sprawdzić|może kliknąć} używane {sklepy|sklepy|detaliści|sprzedawcy|punkty sprzedaży|dostawcy} zamiast {drogie|drogie|drogie|drogie|drogie|drogich} domów towarowych {dla|w odniesieniu do|dotyczących|odnoszących się do|przeznaczonych dla|do zdobycia} odzieży {strzykawki insulinowe 1ml|strzykawki tuberkulinowe|strzykawki|strzykawka|strzykawki insulinowe|strzykawki do insuliny|strzykawki trzyczęściowe tuberkulinowe|strzykawka tuberkulinowa|strzykawka insulinowa|strzykawka do insuliny|strzykawka trzyczęściowe tuberkulinowa}.

  79. strzykawka tuberkulinowa

    Dzięki za porad dotyczących naprawy kredytu na temat tego wspaniałego witryny. Kilka wskazówek i chciałbym powiedzieć ludziom powinno być to zrezygnować z tej mentalności że mogą obecnie i rozwidź później. Being a as be a} społeczeństwo {my|my wszyscy|my wszyscy|wielu z nas|większość z nas|większość ludzi} ma tendencję do {robienia tego|robienia tamtego|próbowania tego|zdarzyć się|powtórz to} dla wielu {rzeczy|problemów|czynników}. Obejmuje to {wakacje|wakacje|wypady|wyjazdy wakacyjne|wycieczki|rodzinne wakacje}, meble, {i|jak również|a także|wraz z|oprócz|plus} przedmiotów {chcemy|chcielibyśmy|życzymy|chcielibyśmy|naprawdę chcielibyśmy to mieć}. Jednak {musisz|musisz|powinieneś|powinieneś chcieć|wskazane jest, aby|musisz} oddzielić {swoje|swoje|to|twoje obecne|swoje|osoby} chcą {od wszystkich|z potrzeb|z}. {Kiedy jesteś|Kiedy jesteś|Kiedy jesteś|Jeśli jesteś|Tak długo, jak jesteś|Kiedy} pracujesz, aby {poprawić swój kredyt|poprawić swoją zdolność kredytową|zwiększyć swój kredyt|zwiększyć swój kredyt|podnieś swój ranking kredytowy|popraw swój kredyt} wynik {musisz zrobić|zrobić|faktycznie potrzebujesz|naprawdę musisz} dokonać kilku {poświęceń|kompromisów}. Na przykład {możesz|możesz|możesz|możesz|będziesz mógł|| możesz|prawdopodobnie możesz} robić zakupy online {aby zaoszczędzić pieniądze|aby zaoszczędzić pieniądze|aby zaoszczędzić} lub {możesz przejść do|może się zwrócić|może odwiedzić|może obejrzeć|może sprawdzić|może kliknąć} używane {sklepy|sklepy|detaliści|sprzedawcy|punkty sprzedaży|dostawcy} zamiast {drogie|drogie|drogie|drogie|drogie|drogich} domów towarowych {dla|w odniesieniu do|dotyczących|odnoszących się do|przeznaczonych dla|do zdobycia} odzieży {strzykawki insulinowe 1ml|strzykawki tuberkulinowe|strzykawki|strzykawka|strzykawki insulinowe|strzykawki do insuliny|strzykawki trzyczęściowe tuberkulinowe|strzykawka tuberkulinowa|strzykawka insulinowa|strzykawka do insuliny|strzykawka trzyczęściowe tuberkulinowa} {strzykawki insulinowe 1ml|strzykawki tuberkulinowe|strzykawki|strzykawka|strzykawki insulinowe|strzykawki do insuliny|strzykawki trzyczęściowe tuberkulinowe|strzykawka tuberkulinowa|strzykawka insulinowa|strzykawka do insuliny|strzykawka trzyczęściowe tuberkulinowa}.

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